Tax Evasion Petition against wife – Case details to be disclosed to the petitioner

Dr. Mukundakam Sharma, Chief Justice. – CM No. 17356/2007 (exemption).

Allowed, subject to just exceptions.

LPA No. 1377/2007 and CM No. 17355/2007 (stay)

This appeal is directed against the order dated 3-12-2007 whereby the learned Single Judge has allowed the writ petition with a direction to the Income-tax Department to supply the information sought by the respondent No. 1 herein.

2. The writ petition was filed by the respondent No. 1 herein praying for quashing of the order of the Central Information Commission with a direction that the information sought by the respondents under the Right to Information Act, 2005 should be supplied immediately.

3. The respondent No. 1 herein was married in 2000 to Smt. Saroj Nirmal, who in November, 2000 filed a criminal complaint alleging that she had spent/paid as dowry an amount of Rs. ten lakhs. Alleging that the aforesaid claims are false, the respondent No. 1, in order to enable him to defend the criminal prosecution, approached the Income-tax Department with a Tax Evasion Petition (TEP) dated 24-9-2003. However, the Department summoned the wife of the respondent No. 1 to present her case before them. The respondent No. 1 made repeated requests to the Director of Income-tax Department (Investigation) to ascertain and know the status of the hearing and TEP proceedings.

4. Having failed in his endeavour, the respondent No. 1 moved an application under the Right to Information Act in November, 2005 praying for the following information:

“(i)Fate of Petitioner’s complaint (Tax Evasion Petition) dated 24-9-2003.
(ii)What is the other source of income of petitioner’s wife Smt. Saroj Nirmal than from teaching as a primary teacher in a private school? (iii)What action the Department had taken against Smt. Saroj Nirmal after issuing a notice under section 131 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, pursuant to the said Tax Evasion Petition.).”

5. The aforesaid application filed by the respondent No. 1 herein was rejected by the Public Information Officer designated under the Act by the Income-tax Department as against which an appeal was filed before the Appellate Authority, which too rejected the request to have access to the aforesaid information. As against the said order of the Appellate Authority, the respondent No. 1 filed a second appeal on 1-3-2006 before the Central Information Commission praying for setting aside the orders of the respondent Nos. 2 and 3 in the writ petition. The Central Information Commission by an order dated 8-5-2006 allowed the second appeal and set aside the rejection of information. It was held by the Central Information Commission that as the investigation on TEP has been conducted by Director of Income-tax (Investigation), the relevant report is the outcome of public action and, therefore, the same is required to be disclosed. However, it was directed that the report should be disclosed only after the entire process of investigation and tax recovery, if any, is completed. The appellant/Department has accepted the aforesaid order of the CIC and, therefore, the said order of the CIC has become final and binding. However, the Department has not disclosed all the information in terms of the aforesaid order on the plea that notices under section 148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 have been issued but no final assessment orders have been passed. It is also stated that only after recovery of taxes, if any, details could be furnished.

6. The learned Single Judge considered the pleas raised and thereafter it was held that no reason has come out as to why the aforesaid information should not be supplied to the respondent No. 1 even at this stage. The learned Single Judge also held that no reason has been given as to why and how the investigation process could be said to be hampered if the aforesaid information is furnished and any prejudice being caused or suffered by the Department. These findings are challenged in this appeal on which we have heard learned counsel for the appellant.

7. On going through the records, we find that there is a categorical order of the Central Information Commission directing that the aforesaid information should be disclosed after the entire process of investigation and tax recovery, if any, is complete in every respect. The contention and defence based upon section 8(1)(i) was rejected. The said direction and findings rejecting the plea under section 8(1)(i) to disclose information has not been challenged by the appellant. The only question is of the stage and whether information should be furnished at this stage. There is no co-relation between the information required and recovery of taxes, if any. Recovery of taxes has nothing to do with investigation on TEP.

8. Information sought for by the respondent No. 1 relates to fate of his complaint made in September, 2003, action taken thereon after recording of statement of Ms. Saroj Nirmal and whether Ms. Saroj Nirmal has any other source of income, other than teaching in a private school. This information can be supplied as necessary investigation on these aspects has been undertaken during last four years by the Director of Income-tax (Investigation). In fact proceedings before the said Director have drawn to a close and the matter is now with the ITO, i.e., the Assessing Officer under section 8(1)(h) information can be withheld if it would impede investigation, apprehension or prosecution of offenders. It is for the appellant to show how and why investigation will be impeded by disclosing information to the appellant. General statements are not enough. Apprehension should be based on some ground or reason. Information has been sought for by the complainant and not the assessee. Nature of information is not such which interferes with the investigation or helps the assessee. Information may help the respondent No. 1 from absolving himself in the criminal trial. It appears that the appellant has held back information and delaying the proceedings for which the respondent No. 1 felt aggrieved and filed the aforesaid writ petition in this Court. We also find no reason as to why the aforesaid information should not be supplied to the respondent No. 1. In the grounds of appeal, it is stated that the appellant is ready and willing to disclose all the records once the same is summoned by the criminal court where proceedings under section 498A of the Indian Penal Code are pending. If that is the stand of the appellant, we find no reason as to why the aforesaid information cannot be furnished at this stage as the investigation process is not going to be hampered. In any manner and particularly in view of the fact that such information is being furnished only after the investigation process is complete as far as Director of Income-tax (Investigation) is concerned. It has not been explained in what manner and how information asked for and directed will hamper the assessment proceedings.

9. Therefore, no prejudice would be caused in any manner to the Department even if the said information is disclosed. We find no merit in this appeal, which accordingly stands dismissed. All other applications stand consequently disposed of in terms of the aforesaid order.

10. Since the time for furnishing the information is expiring during the course of the day, we extend time for furnishing of the information by one week, during which the information shall be furnished in terms of the order of the learned Single Judge.

11. Copy of the order be given dasti to the counsel appearing for the appellant.

APPENDIX

HIGH COURT OF DELHI

Bhagat Singh
vs.
Chief Information Commissioner

S. RAVINDRA BHAT, J.

WP(C) NO. 3114 OF 2007
DECEMBER 3, 2007

Ms. Girija Varma and Bhagat Singh for the Petitioner. Ms. Sonia Mathur for the Respondent.

JUDGMENT

1. The Petitioner in the present writ proceeding approaches this Court seeking partial quashing of an order of the Central Information Commission and also for a direction from this Court that the information sought by him under the Right to Information Act, 2005 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) should be supplied with immediate effect.

2. The facts relevant to decide the case are as follows. The petitioner was married in 2000 to Smt. Saroj Nirmal. In November 2000 she filed a criminal complaint alleging that she had spent/paid as dowry an amount of Rs. Ten Lakhs. Alleging that these claims were false, the Petitioner, with a view to defend the criminal prosecution launched against him, approached the Income-tax Department with a Tax Evasion Petition (TEP) dated 24-9-2003. Thereafter, in 2004 the Income-tax Department summoned the Petitioner’s wife to present her case before them. Meanwhile, the Petitioner made repeated requests to the Director of Income-tax (Investigation) to know the status of the hearing and TEP proceedings. On failing to get a response from the second and third Respondents, he moved an application under the Act in November, 2005. He requested for the following information:

“(i)Fate of Petitioner’s complaint (Tax Evasion Petition) dated 24-9-2003
(ii)What is the other source of income of petitioner’s wife Smt. Saroj Nirmal than from teaching as a primary teacher in a private school ?(iii)What action the Department had taken against Smt. Saroj Nirmal after issuing a notice under section 131 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, pursuant to the said Tax Evasion Petition ?”

3. The application was rejected by the second Respondent (the Public Information Officer, designated under the Act by the Income-tax Department) on 10-1-2006 under section 8(1) of the Act, by reasoning that the information sought was personal in nature, relating to dowry and did not further public interest. The relevant portion of this provision is extracted below:

“Exemption from Disclosure of Information.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, there shall be no obligation to give any citizen,—

******

(j)information which relates to personal information, the disclosure of which has no relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause un-warranted invasion of the privacy of the individual unless the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer or the Appellate Authority, as the case may be, is satisfied that the larger public interest justices the disclosure of such information.”

4. The petitioner, thereafter, appealed to third Respondent – the Appellate Authority which too rejected his request to access the information. While doing so, not only did he reiterate section 8(1)(j) as a ground for rejection but also observed that the information sought could also be denied under section 8(1)(h), which is reproduced below: “(h)information which would impede the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders;”

5. Against the order of the Appellate Authority, the petitioner filed a second Appeal on 1-3-2006, before the Respondent No. 1, the Central Information Commission (hereafter “the CIC”) praying for setting aside the Orders of Respondent Nos. 2 and 3. The petitioner sought the following reliefs :

(a)issue directions to Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 to furnish information,
(b)to order an inquiry against Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 for not implementing the Right to Information Act properly
(c)to impose penalties and disciplinary action against Respondent Nos. 2 and 3 under section 20 of the RTI Act and
(d)to award cost of proceedings to be recovered from Respondent Nos. 2 and 3.

6. The CIC, on 8-5-2006 allowed the second appeal and set aside the rejection of information, and the exemption clause 8(1)(j) cited by Respondent Nos. 2 and 3. The CIC further held that –

“. . . .as the investigation on TEP has been conducted by DIT (Inv.), the relevant report is the outcome of public action which needs to be disclosed. This, therefore, cannot be exempted under section 8(1)(j) as interpreted by the appellate authority. Accordingly, DIT (Inv.) is directed to disclose the report as per the provision under sections 10(1) and (2), after the entire process of investigation and tax recovery, if any, is complete in every respect.”

7. The Petitioner contends that the first Respondent was correct in allowing disclosure of information, by holding that section 8(1)(j) did not justify withholding of the said information, but incorrectly applied section 8(1)(h) of the Act. He submits that the disclosure of the said information could not in any way impede the investigation process and that the Respondents have not given any reasons as to how such disclosure would hamper investigation. On the other hand, he contends, the information would only help in absolving himself from the false prosecution and criminal harassment. Moreover, he contends that under section 10 of the Act non-exempt information could have been provided to him alter severing it from the exempt information. He in fact applied to the second and third respondents under the aforesaid provision but was informed that the matter was still under investigation.

8. In August 2006 the petitioner filed a contempt petition before the CIC for non-compliance of order dated 8-5-2006. Pursuant to this, the CIC asked the second and third respondents to take necessary action. The Petitioner also wrote a letter to the Chief Information Commissioner, seeking his indulgence for compliance of impugned order dated 8-5-2006. Pursuant to this, the first Respondent issued a notice to the other Respondents asking for comments with respect to non-compliance of the order and to show cause as to why a penalty should not be imposed as per section 20 of the Act. On 15-2-2007, the Petitioner again appealed to the first Respondent requesting him to impose penalties on the concerned officer of Income-tax Department (Investigation) for non-compliance of the order of the Central Information Commission.

9. The petitioner in this writ petition requests this Court to partially quash the order of the first Respondent dated 8-5-2006 insofar as it directs disclosure after the entire process of investigation and tax recovery is completed; to direct the other respondents to forthwith supply the information sought; to direct the CIC to impose penalties under section 20 and to compensate him for damages suffered due to non-supply of information. It was urged that the CIC, after appreciating that there was no merit in the plea regarding applicability of section 8(1)(h), and being satisfied, should have not imposed the condition regarding completion of proceedings, which could take years. Such power to restrict the access to information did not exist under the Act.

10. The second and third respondents, pursuant to an order of this Court aver that the Petitioner misconstrued letters sent by the Income-tax Officer and the Director General of Income-tax in relation to the fact that the investigations are complete. They submit that although there was a preliminary investigation undertaken by the Income-tax Officer, Delhi and a report was submitted pursuant to that, the Assessing Officer has issued notices under section 148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and the investigation and procedures under the Assessing Officer are yet to be completed. Learned counsel Sonia Mathur, appearing on behalf of the Respondents submitted that, as per the directions of the CIC, the information sought would be supplied after 31-3-2008, after completion of investigation and recovery.

11. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, assures, by Article 19, everyone the right, “to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media, regardless of frontiers”. In Secretary, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India v. Cricket Association of Bengal 1995 (2) SCC 161 the Supreme Court remarked about this right in the following terms :

“The right to freedom of speech and expression includes the right to receive, and impart information. For ensuring the free speech right of the citizens of this country, it is necessary that the citizens have the benefit of plurality of views and a range of opinions on all public issues. A successful democracy posits an ‘aware’ citizenry. Diversity of opinions, views, ideas and ideologies is essential to enable the citizens to arrive at informed judgment on all issues touching them.”

This right to information, was explicitly held to be a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India for the first time by Justice K.K. Mathew in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain [1975] 4 SCC 428. This view was followed by the Supreme Court on a number of decisions and after public demand, the Right to Information Act, 2005 was enacted and brought into force.

12. The Act is an effectuation of the right to freedom of speech and expression. In an increasingly knowledge based society, information and access to information holds the key to resources, benefits, and distribution of power. Information, more than any other element, is of critical importance in a participatory democracy. By one fell stroke, under the Act, the maze of procedures and official barriers that had previously impeded information, has been swept aside. The citizen and information seekers have, subject to a few exceptions, an overriding right to be given information on matters in the possession of the state and public agencies that are covered by the Act. As is reflected in its preambular paragraphs, the enactment seeks to promote transparency, arrest corruption and to hold the Government and its instrumentalities accountable to the governed. This spirit of the Act must be borne in mind while construing the provisions contained therein.

13. Access to information, under section 3 of the Act, is the rule and exemptions under section 8, the exception. Section 8 being a restriction on this fundamental right, must therefore is to be strictly construed. It should not be interpreted in manner as to shadow the very right itself. Under section 8, exemption from releasing information is granted if it would impede the process of investigation or the prosecution of the offenders. It is apparent that the mere existence of an investigation process cannot be a ground for refusal of the information; the authority withholding information must show satisfactory reasons as to why the release of such information would hamper the investigation process. Such reasons should be germane, and the opinion of the process being hampered should be reasonable and based on some material. Sans this consideration, section 8(1)(h) and other such provisions would become the haven for dodging demands for information.

14. A rights based enactment is akin to a welfare measure, like the Act, should receive a liberal interpretation. The contextual background and history of the Act is such that the exemptions, outlined in section 8, relieving the authorities from the obligation to provide information, constitute restrictions on the exercise of the rights provided by it. Therefore, such exemption provisions have to be construed in their terms; there is some authority supporting this view (See Nathi Devi v. Radha Devi Cupta 2005 (2) SCC 271; B.R. Kapoor v. State of Tamil Nadu 2001 (7) SCC 231 and V. Tulasamma v. V. Sesha Reddi 1977 (3) SCC 99. Adopting a different approach would result in narrowing the rights and approving a judicially mandated class of restrictions on the rights under the Act, which is unwarranted.

15. In the present case, the orders of the three respondents do not reflect any reasons, why the investigation process would be hampered. The direction of the CIC shows is that the information needs to be released only after the investigation and recovery incomplete. Facially, the order supports the petitioner’s contention that the claim for exemption made by respondent Nos. 2 and 3 are untenable. Section 8(1)(j) relates only to investigation and prosecution and not to recovery. Recovery in tax matters, in the usual circumstances is a time consuming affair, and to withhold information till that eventuality, after the entire proceedings, despite the ruling that investigations are not hampered by information disclosure, is illogical. The petitioner’s grouse against the condition imposed by the CIC is all the more valid since he claims it to be of immense relevance, to defend himself in criminal proceedings. The second and third respondents have not purported to be aggrieved by the order of CIC as far as it directs disclosure of materials; nor have they sought for its review on the ground that the CIC was misled and its reasoning flawed. Therefore, it is too late for them to contend that the impugned order contains an erroneous appreciation of facts. The materials available with them and forming the basis of notice under the Income-tax Act is what has to be disclosed to the petitioner, i.e., the information seeker.

16. As to the issue of whether the investigation has been complete or not, I think that the authorities have not applied their mind about the nature of information sought. As is submitted by the Petitioner, he merely seeks access to the preliminary reports investigation pursuant to which notices under sections 131, 143(2), 148 of the Income-tax Act have been issued and not as to the outcome of the investigation and reassessment carried on by the Assessing Officer. As held in the preceding part of the judgment, without a disclosure as to how the investigation process would be hampered by sharing the materials collected till the notices were issued to the assessee, the respondents could not have rejected the request for granting information. The CIC, even after overruling the objection, should not have imposed the condition that information could be disclosed only after recovery was made.

17. In view of the foregoing discussion the order of the CIC dated 18-5-2006 insofar as it withholds information until tax recovery orders are made, is set aside. The second and third respondents are directed to release the information sought, on the basis of the materials available and collected with them, within two weeks.

18. This Court takes a serious note of the two-year delay in releasing information, the lack of adequate reasoning in the orders of the Public Information Officer and the Appellate Authority and the lack of application of mind in relation to the nature of information sought. The materials on record clearly show the lackadaisical approach of the second and third respondents in releasing the information sought. However, the Petitioner has not been able to demonstrate that they malafidely denied the information sought. Therefore, a direction to the Central Information Commission to initiate action under section 20 of the Act, cannot be issued.

19. The writ petition is allowed in the above terms. In the peculiar circumstances of the cases, there shall be no order on costs.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

error: Content is protected !!